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印度尼西亚AI监管前瞻：2026年Q1将出台国家人工智能路线图

来源：BKPM · Antara Indonesia生效日期：2026-03-31

作者：东南亚合规中心编辑团队

TL;DR · 核心要点

印尼副总统吉布兰强调AI须以伦理与批判性思维为根基，并宣布国家人工智能路线图拟于2026年第一季度通过总统条例（Perpres）正式颁布。该路线图将作为跨部门AI政策制定的法定指南，聚焦伦理、安全、包容与责任使用。关键合规信息包括：1）AI应用须遵循现行数据保护法（PDP Law No. 27/2022）及教育领域专项规范；2）教育机构需强化教师数字素养与AI伦理培训；3）禁止滥用AI进行图像/语音伪造欺诈，适用刑法第28条及电子信息系统法（UU ITE）；4）AI基础设施（数据中心、半导体厂）须同步满足环境可持续性要求；5）路线图虽非直接发牌依据，但将影响未来AI服务提供商准入、内容审核及跨境数据处理合规框架。对企业而言，计划在印尼部署教育科技、生成式AI工具或本地化AI服务的中资企业，须提前开展伦理影响评估、建立内容审核机制，并预留2026年Q1后牌照/备案衔接窗口。

✅ 合规行动清单 · Compliance Checklist

  • ›2026年第一季度前完成AI伦理影响评估并留存记录，以备总统条例（Perpres）生效后监管审查
  • ›2025年底前为教育科技类AI产品建立符合PDP Law No. 27/2022及教育部门规范的内容审核机制
  • ›2026年Q1起同步适配BKPM外资准入要求与MCIT（通信与信息部）关于生成式AI服务的备案衔接流程
  • ›立即停止在印尼境内部署未经标注的深度伪造图像/语音功能，确保符合UU ITE第28条及刑法合规要求
  • ›Conduct and document an AI ethics impact assessment by Q1 2026 to prepare for Perpres enforcement
  • ›Implement a content moderation system compliant with PDP Law No. 27/2022 and Ministry of Education regulations for EdTech AI products by end-2025
  • ›Align with BKPM foreign investment requirements and MCIT’s forthcoming generative AI service registration process effective Q1 2026
  • ›Immediately disable unlabeled deepfake image/audio functionality in Indonesia to comply with Article 28 of UU ITE and Criminal Code

English Summary

Indonesia's Vice President announced the National Artificial Intelligence Roadmap, to be enacted via Presidential Regulation (Perpres) in Q1 2026. While not a licensing instrument itself, the roadmap will guide ministries in developing binding AI policies across education, data governance, cybersecurity, and environmental sustainability. Key implications: (1) Foreign AI providers—especially edtech, generative AI, and content platforms—must align with Indonesia’s PDP Law No. 27/2022 and UU ITE; (2) Ethical AI use, anti-deepfake safeguards, and digital literacy training are now de facto compliance expectations; (3) Data centers and semiconductor facilities face dual compliance for energy/water usage under environmental regulations; (4) Teachers and institutions must integrate AI ethics into curricula—a requirement impacting EdTech vendor partnerships; (5) Companies should prepare for future sector-specific AI licensing or registration schemes expected post-2026. Early alignment with the roadmap’s principles is strongly advised.

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常见问题解答

中国AI企业是否需要在印尼申请AI专项牌照？+
目前印尼尚未设立独立‘AI牌照’，但2026年Q1生效的国家AI路线图将推动教育、金融、医疗等领域的AI应用细则出台。企业须按行业适配现有许可（如教育类需Kemendikbudur许可，数据处理需PDP合规认证），建议提前启动伦理影响评估与本地数据治理架构设计。
在印尼学校推广AI学习工具，需满足哪些强制性要求？+
必须符合2022年《个人数据保护法》第27号法及教育部关于数字教学工具的Circular No. 12/2023：禁止自动采集学生生物特征；所有AI作业辅助功能须明确标注‘非替代思考’；须提供离线使用选项并保留教师人工审核权。违规可能触发PDP监管处罚。
AI生成内容（如图片、语音）在印尼是否违法？+
不必然违法，但若用于欺诈、诽谤或身份冒用，则违反《电子信息与交易法》（UU ITE）第28条及刑法典第378条。企业须在产品界面嵌入显著警示标识，建立用户生成内容（UGC）审核机制，并留存原始训练数据溯源记录至少2年。
印尼对AI数据中心的环保要求有哪些？+
依据《环境管理法》No. 32/2009及2024年新修订的《绿色数据中心指南》，AI数据中心须通过KLHK（环境部）能效认证，冷却用水循环率≥85%，且年度碳强度须低于120gCO₂e/kWh。未达标者将被限制新增算力许可。
中国公司如何参与印尼AI路线图制定过程？+
可通过印尼投资协调委员会（BKPM）注册为‘AI生态合作伙伴’，参与2025年Q3起开放的公众咨询；亦可联合本地高校或LPDP（国家奖学金局）发起AI伦理联合研究项目，成果将直接影响路线图实施细则起草，提升政策话语权。

相关关键词

印尼AI监管印尼人工智能路线图印尼PDP法AI教育合规印尼Perpres AI
📄 官方原文参考（英文）点击展开
Bandung, West Java (ANTARA) - Vice President Gibran Rakabuming Raka highlighted the importance of upholding ethics and strengthening critical thinking skills in utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) in daily life. During a visit to Muthahhari Plus Junior High School in Bandung District, West Java, on Wednesday, he noted that AI plays a key role in supporting the teaching and learning process. “The use of AI is vital for daily life, especially in supporting teachers and educators, and making students' activities easier. However, we must also recognize that there are rules and ethics to follow,” he remarked. Gibran underscored that AI should not make students entirely dependent on technology, noting that enhancing critical thinking skills must remain the core foundation of the educational process. “We should not lose our critical thinking. Do not rely solely on AI for homework—you still need to look for and understand the answers yourself,” he said. Additionally, the vice president touched on the potential for technology misuse, such as image and voice manipulation, which is often used for fraud. He noted that digital literacy and an understanding of ethics are essential for students to use AI responsibly. During the dialogue session, the vice president also responded to a student's question regarding the environmental impact of AI development, including the energy and water requirements of the semiconductor industry and data centers. He explained that every technological advancement has its own consequences, requiring a balance between accelerating digital transformation and ensuring environmental sustainability. Furthermore, Gibran urged teachers to continue improving their capacity to assist students in using technology appropriately. Amid rapid AI advancement, the Indonesian government is currently preparing the National Artificial Intelligence Roadmap, with its presidential regulation targeted for enactment in the first quarter of 2026. The roadmap will serve as a guideline for ministries, agencies, and other stakeholders in formulating policies and programs for Indonesia's AI development, encouraging the ethical, safe, inclusive, and responsible use of AI. Related news: AI disrupts global journalism, Indonesia warns of press risks Related news: Indonesia opens door to global investment in AI developmentTranslator: Ilham Nugraha, Raka AdjiEditor: M Razi Rahman Copyright © ANTARA 2026
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