TL;DR · 核心要点
印尼政府正起草总统令，强化对濒危苏门答腊象的法律保护，重点修复破碎化栖息地廊道并打击非法盗猎。关键合规信息包括：1）所有在苏门答腊（尤其廖内、亚齐、楠榜）开展土地开发、林业或基建项目的企业，须开展强制性生态连通性影响评估；2）禁止在已确认的11处核心象群栖息地及生态廊道内新增采矿、棕榈园或道路项目；3）涉野生动物制品企业须立即更新供应链尽职调查机制，确保无象牙或衍生品流通。该政策虽尚未正式生效，但执法已趋严格——廖内警方近期已开展专项行动。对中资企业而言，若在苏门答腊从事农业种植、林产品加工、基建或旅游开发，需即刻启动生物多样性合规审查，并向印尼环境与林业部（KLHK）提交生态缓解方案。
✅ 合规行动清单 · Compliance Checklist
- ›立即暂停在廖内省、亚齐省和楠榜省11处已确认象群栖息地及生态廊道内的一切新建开发活动，待KLHK出具书面许可
- ›委托印尼持证环境咨询机构（如PT. Enviroconsult或PT. Biodivera）于2024年9月30日前完成项目生态连通性影响评估并提交KLHK备案
- ›核查全部供应链合同与采购记录，确保2024年7月起无任何象牙、象皮或关联野生动物制品交易，留存尽职调查报告备查
- ›Immediately halt all new land conversion, road construction, or plantation expansion within the 11 designated Sumatran elephant habitat pockets in Riau, Aceh, and Lampung pending KLHK written approval
- ›Engage a KLHK-accredited environmental consultant to complete and submit an Ecological Corridor Impact Assessment by 30 September 2024
- ›Audit and document full supply chain due diligence for wildlife-adjacent materials; certify zero ivory or derivative trade from July 2024 onward
English Summary
Indonesia is drafting a Presidential Instruction to protect the critically endangered Sumatran elephant (population ~1,200), targeting habitat fragmentation and ivory poaching. Key compliance requirements include mandatory ecological corridor impact assessments for all land-use projects in Riau, Aceh, and Lampung; immediate suspension of new infrastructure, plantation, or mining activities within the 11 officially designated elephant habitat pockets; and strict supply chain due diligence for companies handling wildlife-adjacent products. Though no formal effective date is set, enforcement is active: Riau Regional Police recently conducted anti-wildlife crime operations, and KLHK mandates pre-project clearance for high-risk developments. Foreign businesses—especially in agribusiness, forestry, construction, and ecotourism—must engage certified environmental consultants by Q3 2024 to align with upcoming regulations and avoid project delays or penalties.
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立即咨询 →常见问题解答
该总统令是否已生效？中国企业当前是否必须遵守？+
该文件为正在起草的总统令草案，尚未颁布生效。但印尼环境与林业部（KLHK）已依据现行《第5/1990号环境保护法》和《第104/2014号政府条例》提前启动执法，廖内警方近期行动表明监管已实质收紧。中资企业须视同生效要求执行，否则可能面临项目叫停、罚款甚至刑事责任。
哪些具体行业或项目类型将受直接影响？+
棕榈油种植园扩建、林产品加工厂选址、跨区域公路/输电线路建设、生态旅游区开发、采矿权申请等均属高风险类别。凡涉及苏门答腊岛土地利用变更的项目，均需优先完成KLHK生态廊道评估。
是否有官方认可的生态评估机构名单？如何查询资质？+
是。KLHK官网（https://www.menlhk.go.id）‘Layanan Verifikasi’栏目下可查询经认证的环境咨询机构名录，含PT. Enviroconsult、PT. Biodivera等12家持牌机构。企业须查验其证书编号及有效期，并在合同中明确责任条款。
若已在栖息地内开展项目，是否需要补办手续？+
是。根据KLHK内部指引（No. SE.5/PLB.3/SET/2024），所有2023年1月后在11处栖息地内动工的项目，须于2024年10月31日前补交生态缓解方案，否则将被纳入重点监察名单并限制融资支持。
中资企业能否通过本地合作伙伴规避合规义务？+
不能。印尼《第40/2007号公司法》及KLHK执法实践明确：实际控制人（包括境外股东、技术合作方、管理输出方）承担连带合规责任。2023年两起中资棕榈园案件中，中方母公司均因未履行尽职调查被追责。
相关关键词
Indonesia wildlife lawSumatran elephant protectionKLHK compliancehabitat corridor regulationIndonesia environmental license
📄 官方原文参考（英文）点击展开
Pekanbaru, Riau (ANTARA) - Indonesia is preparing a presidential instruction to safeguard the endangered Sumatran elephant, as shrinking and fragmented habitats threaten the species’ survival, Forestry Minister Raja Juli Antoni said during a visit to Pekanbaru on Thursday. Antoni noted that elephant habitat pockets in Sumatra have drastically declined—from 44 previously to just 11 by late 2024—largely due to illegal forest practices that isolate populations. “The policy will focus on reconnecting fragmented corridors for Sumatran elephants. Restoring these corridors is crucial to maintaining ecological balance and ensuring the sustainability of the population,” he said. The minister stressed that the Sumatran elephant population, estimated at around 1,200 individuals across Aceh and Lampung, remains endangered. He also warned that ivory poaching continues to pose serious risks. “We need to remind the public that elephants are classified as endangered. Illegal poaching for ivory must be continuously monitored,” Antoni said, praising police efforts in tackling wildlife crimes. He commended the Riau Regional Police for recent enforcement actions. “We hope this will be the last incident. The state will take firm action against perpetrators to protect wildlife,” he said. Translator: Bayu Agustari A, Resinta SulistiyandariEditor: Aditya Eko Sigit Wicaksono Copyright © ANTARA 2026