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越南邻里树木损害赔偿责任指南｜业主与企业不动产合规要点

来源：MOJ-VN · VnExpress Vietnam

作者：东南亚合规中心编辑团队

TL;DR · 核心要点

本文以越南读者真实案例切入，揭示私有土地上树木对邻地造成物理损害（如围墙倒塌、地砖开裂）时，业主须承担民事赔偿责任的法律现实。核心合规要点包括：1）越南《民法典》第584条明确，不动产所有人须对因自身财产（含植物）致他人人身或财产损害承担无过错责任；2）赔偿金额依实际损失确定，无法定上限，本案达2000万越南盾（约763美元）；3）未及时处置已知风险（如根系侵入）可能被认定为过失，加重责任；4）该责任独立于税务义务，但赔偿支出不可税前扣除（依据越南财政部第45/2023/TT-BTC号通函）。对企业而言，尤其涉及厂区绿化、仓储区乔木种植或租赁物业改造时，须将树木长期影响纳入ESG与合规尽职调查，避免民事纠纷升级为行政处罚或影响经营许可续期。

✅ 合规行动清单 · Compliance Checklist

  • ›立即排查自有/租赁物业内大型乔木（尤其是榕树、无花果树等深根系品种）对邻近墙体、管线、道路的基础影响，并留存专业评估报告。
  • ›在厂房、园区租赁协议中增设‘植被管理责任条款’，明确承租方对树木生长风险的监测、修剪及赔偿义务。
  • ›将树木潜在损害风险纳入越南子公司年度合规审计范围，并向当地法律顾问报备高风险点位。
  • ›Conduct immediate arborist assessment of large trees (esp. fig, banyan, rubber) on owned or leased premises for root intrusion risks to adjacent structures, utilities, or pavements; retain certified report.
  • ›Amend all industrial/warehouse lease agreements in Vietnam to include a 'vegetation management clause' assigning tenant responsibility for monitoring, pruning, and third-party damage compensation.
  • ›Include tree-related liability exposure in annual compliance audits of Vietnam subsidiaries and formally notify local legal counsel of high-risk locations.

English Summary

This reader-submitted article illustrates a real-world application of Vietnam’s civil liability regime: under Article 584 of the Vietnamese Civil Code, property owners are strictly liable for damages caused by trees or plants on their land—even without fault—if roots, falling fruit, or branches damage neighboring property. Affected parties include homeowners, landlords, industrial park tenants, and foreign-invested enterprises managing compound grounds. No statutory deadline applies, but delay in mitigating known risks (e.g., invasive root systems) may constitute negligence and increase liability exposure. Compensation is uncapped and based on proven loss; tax deductibility is explicitly denied per Circular 45/2023/TT-BTC. Foreign businesses must integrate vegetation risk assessment into site due diligence, facility management SOPs, and lease agreement clauses—especially for factories, warehouses, or residential compounds under corporate ownership.

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常见问题解答

在越南，我家院子里的树倒了砸坏邻居围墙，必须赔钱吗？+
是的。根据越南《民法典》第584条，无论您是否有过错，只要您的树木造成邻居财产损害（如围墙倒塌、地砖破裂），您就必须承担全额赔偿责任。法院通常依据维修发票、第三方评估报告判定金额，无法定免责情形。
赔偿款能在越南企业所得税前扣除吗？+
不能。越南财政部第45/2023/TT-BTC号通函第11条明确规定，因民事侵权产生的赔偿支出不属于经营成本，不得在计算应纳税所得额时扣除，需全额调增应税利润。
作为外资工厂，厂区绿化树若侵入周边农田导致减产，要负责吗？+
需要负责。越南司法实践已确认农业损失属可赔偿范围。若根系蔓延至邻田破坏灌溉系统或作物，受害农民可凭农技部门鉴定报告索赔。建议在建厂初期即委托测绘机构划定根系安全距离并签署边界协议。
能否通过买保险转移这类风险？+
可以。越南多家保险公司（如PTI、Bao Viet）提供‘住宅/商业第三者责任险’，覆盖树木致损赔偿，年保费约50–200万越南盾。投保时须如实申报树种、树龄及距离邻界距离，否则理赔可能被拒。
如果邻居先砍了我的树，我能反诉索赔吗？+
可以，但需证明其行为违法。若未经协商或法院裁定擅自砍伐，构成对您财产权的侵害。您可依据《民法典》第167条主张树苗价值、景观损失及精神损害赔偿。建议第一时间拍照取证并报警备案。

相关关键词

Vietnam tree liabilityVietnam neighbor damageVietnam civil code Article 584Vietnam property complianceVietnam tax deductibility
📄 官方原文参考（英文）点击展开
I cut down my fig tree after having to pay my neighbors $760 for damages - VnExpress International The most read Vietnamese newspaper Follow us on Edition: International | Vietnamese Home News Politics Education Environment Traffic Crime Brainteaser Business DataSpeaks Property Billionaires Markets Companies Economy Money Quiz Tech Tech news Enterprises Personalities Vietnam innovation Challenge hub Travel Places Food Guide Visa Puzzle Life Trend Arts Celebrities Vogue Love Wellness Sports Football Boxing Marathon Tennis Golf Other sports Trivia World Perspectives Readers' Views VnE-GO Premium Contact Us © Copyright 1997 VnExpress.net. All rights reserved. Go Business DataSpeaks Property Billionaires Companies Markets Economy Money Quiz Copy link Most Read 1. Meet Wang Hong, Chinese math star tipped for 2026 Fields Medal 2. Stranded by Middle East tensions, Singaporean family pays US$3,900 to fly home 3. Vietnamese doctor frees thousands from life with urinary drainage bags 4. Gen Z turns down alcohol, pushes back against social drinking pressures 5. HCMC’s Dong Khoi Street again ranks among world’s 20 most expensive retail spots 6. Six-figure earners in US are struggling to buy homes 7. British tycoon slammed for $200K private jet escape from Dubai after saying city is safe 8. Singapore wellness club owned by UOB CEO’s son to shut after 5 years 9. Designer or budget? Put your fashion eye to the test 10. Philippines switches to 4-day work week as Iran war pushes oil prices up I cut down my fig tree after having to pay my neighbors $760 for damages By Dang Duy &nbspMarch 7, 2026 | 03:21 pm PT Homeowners might have to pay damages for harm their trees cause to a neighbor’s property. Illustration photo by Unsplash I used to love the tree’s shade and its red figs, but that feeling quickly disappeared after my neighbor demanded compensation for the fence it damaged. I used to have a fig tree on my property, and when I planted it, I never imagined it could cause so much trouble. I only thought it would provide shade and ripe red fruit that looked pleasant.That changed the day a section of my neighbor’s fence collapsed and the brick tiles in their yard were cracked by the tree’s roots. I felt extremely guilty.When they demolished the fence and replaced the tiles, I had to grit my teeth and pay them VND20 million (US$763) in compensation to maintain good relations with my neighbor. To prevent further problems, I also decided to cut down the once-lush fig tree.I considered the payment the price I paid for my own delay. I should have handled the issue earlier and cut the tree down as soon as I saw the risk. But I kept thinking that "it will probably be fine" and postponed it. After many years, when the consequences finally emerged, the cost was not just money but also the feeling of guilt and a strained relationship with my neighbor.That incident made me think more broadly about what I do on my property and its impact on others’. Just because the tree sat on my land does not mean its consequences are contained within my own property.When we plant a tree in our yard or place a few potted plants in front of the house on the sidewalk, we often only see the visible benefits such as shade or beautiful flowers. We forget about the hidden impacts that may appear later. Leaves and fruit may fall into a neighbor’s yard, roots may push up against walls or crack foundations. When that happens, arguments over what is right and wrong can become exhausting.Looking back, my initial carelessness and habit of ignoring small, simmering problems made me pay the price.The lesson I learned is not just about the hidden price, but also about looking beyond immediate benefits. You have to take long-term impacts into account for anything in your living space, be it plants, pets or renovations.If there is a potential risk, dealing with it early is always cheaper and easier than dealing with the consequences later. *This opinion was submitted by a reader. Readers’ views are personal and do not necessarily match VnExpress’ viewpoints. Comments (0) Latest first | Highest rated Latest firstHighest rated View more 20/1000 Tắt chia sẻ Log out 0/1000
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