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越南2025营商环境改革新规 | 法律简化与权力下放

来源：MPI · MPI Vietnam生效日期：2025-01-16

作者：东南亚合规中心编辑团队

TL;DR · 核心要点

越南政府于2025年1月16日发布《第02/NQ-CP号决议》，系统部署2025年营商环境优化任务，核心目标是降低企业合规成本、强化制度一致性、深化行政简政放权，并提升全球竞争力排名。关键合规信息包括：（1）全面修订法律规范性文件，确保法规协调性与实操性；（2）扩大向地方及基层单位的审批权与资源下放；（3）强化政策执行闭环管理，落实‘承诺即兑现、执行必见效’原则；（4）同步推进三类战略突破，其中制度完善为首要任务。该决议要求各部委、行业及地方政府于2025年内实质性落地改革举措。对在越中资及外资企业而言，意味着更可预期的监管流程、更低的行政负担，但也要求企业主动适配动态更新的许可、备案及报告义务，尤其关注地方层级权限变化带来的实操差异。

✅ 合规行动清单 · Compliance Checklist

  • ›立即梳理在越分支机构所涉省级/市级审批事项清单，对照2025年新授权目录确认主管机关变更（由MPI牵头，2025年内分阶段实施）
  • ›在2025年Q2前完成内部合规流程更新，重点适配简化后的投资登记、环保验收及劳工备案程序（依据MPI与MoLISA联合修订细则）
  • ›每季度向总部提交本地监管执行偏差分析报告，特别标注因地方权力下放导致的审批标准或时限差异（MPI将开展年度督查）
  • ›Audit all provincial/municipal licensing requirements for your Vietnam entities by Q1 2025 and confirm competent authorities under newly delegated powers (MPI-led phased rollout)
  • ›Update internal compliance workflows for investment registration, environmental approval, and labor reporting by Q2 2025 per MPI-MoLISA revised guidance
  • ›Submit quarterly regulatory deviation reports to HQ highlighting inconsistencies in local implementation of delegated authority (subject to MPI annual inspection)

English Summary

Vietnam’s Government issued Resolution No. 02/NQ-CP on 16 January 2025, outlining urgent, coordinated actions to improve the business environment and national competitiveness in 2025. Key compliance mandates include: (1) systematic revision of legal normative documents to eliminate institutional bottlenecks; (2) accelerated decentralization of administrative authority—including licensing, inspection, and resource allocation—to provincial and local agencies; (3) strict enforcement of policy implementation accountability ('what is committed must be delivered'). All ministries, sectors, and localities must act proactively and substantively throughout 2025. Foreign-invested enterprises (including Chinese FIEs) are directly affected—especially in licensing timelines, post-establishment compliance reporting, and interactions with newly empowered local authorities. While regulatory predictability and reduced procedural burdens are expected benefits, businesses must monitor rapid local-level implementation updates and adjust internal governance accordingly. No fixed enterprise-level deadlines are set, but alignment with MPI-led interagency reform schedules is mandatory.

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常见问题解答

该决议是否要求外资企业重新申请已取得的许可证？+
不强制重新申请。但根据决议精神，MPI正推动‘证照联动’改革——若地方新获授权部门对同一事项出台更新细则（如环保验收标准），企业须在下次续期或变更时按新规执行，建议提前半年启动合规复核。
权力下放后，省级部门审批权限具体扩大到哪些领域？+
目前明确扩大至外商直接投资项目备案、部分行业环评终审、中小企业用工备案、以及省级产业园区内建设许可。具体权限清单由MPI联合自然资源部、生态环境部于2025年3月底前联合发布，企业可通过越南国家行政手续门户（https://dichvucong.gov.vn）实时查询。
中国企业如何验证某项地方新政是否符合中央改革方向？+
所有经授权的地方规范性文件必须在颁布前报MPI备案并公示于‘越南法律数据库’（https://vanban.chinhphu.vn）。企业可输入文号或关键词检索，系统自动标注‘是否符合02/NQ-CP第X条授权范围’。
决议提到‘承诺即兑现’，若地方政府未落实下放权限，企业如何维权？+
企业可登录MPI‘营商环境监督平台’（https://doanhnghiep.mpi.gov.vn）在线提交督办申请，MPI须在10个工作日内响应并公示处理进展；重大延误将触发中央专项督查，结果纳入地方政府年度绩效考核。
该改革是否影响越南BIT（双边投资协定）下的投资者保护条款？+
不影响。决议属国内行政改革，不改变越南对外签署的BIT义务。但实践中，因地方执行偏差引发的争端，可援引BIT第10条‘公平公正待遇’条款，通过ICSID仲裁主张程序性权利受损。

相关关键词

Vietnam business environmentResolution 02/NQ-CPMPI VietnamVietnam regulatory reformforeign investment Vietnam
📄 官方原文参考（英文）点击展开
Improving business environment and enhancing the country’s global rankings (Xem tin ảnh) (Xem tin video) Date 16/01/2025 - 19:46:00 | 1863 views View font size Text contrast Read the article Acronym Print the page Send to (MPI) - The Government has issued Resolution No. 02/NQ-CP on key tasks and solutions to improve the business environment and enhance national competitiveness in 2025, with the overarching goal is to continue making robust improvements to the business environment by reducing compliance costs, ensuring safety, and aligning with international best practices. Illustrative image. The resolution also sets targets of decentralizing and delegating authority, fostering entrepreneurial spirit, encouraging innovation and creativity, and simultaneously strengthening confidence to provide a solid foundation for enterprises to recover and grow, thereby improving its position in global rankings. Accordingly, the Government and the Prime Minister directed the proactive, flexible, and effective implementation of tasks and solutions to promote economic recovery and growth, strengthen confidence, and create motivation for businesses. The Government has focused on implementing three strategic breakthroughs, one of which is institutional improvement such as ensuring the consistency and improving the quality of laws, simplifying administrative procedures, strengthening decentralisation and the delegation of power, and reforming the business climate. Moreover, the macro economy continued to stay stable, economic growth remained high to the region and the world, inflation has been control, major balances of the economy have been guaranteed, and development investment achieved positive results. The primary goals and tasks for 2024 have been fundamentally completed, meeting and exceeding all 15 out of 15 key targets set in the socio-economic development plan. Forecasts for 2025 indicate both opportunities and challenges. In this context, reforming the business environment remains an urgent requirement to strengthen confidence and provide further motivation for enterprises, contributing to enhanced competitiveness for both businesses and the economy. This demands more proactive, substantial, and determined efforts from ministries, sectors, and localities. Firstly, it is important to thoroughly understand, strictly comply with, and implement synchronously, decisively, effectively, and substantively the Resolutions and Conclusions of the Party, the Resolutions of the National Assembly and Government, as well as the directives of the Prime Minister. Secondly, improving the quality of policy and lawmaking, focusing on addressing institutional bottlenecks. Synchronising the revision of the system of legal normative documents, ensuring that regulations and administrative procedures are simplified to reduce the compliance burden on citizens and businesses. Thirdly, promoting decentralization and delegation of authority alongside resource allocation and strengthened oversight and inspection; further decentralize to agencies, units, and localities. Fourthly, maintaining and expanding good and advanced policy experiences in state management of production and business activities of enterprises. Fifthly, what is said must be done, what is committed must be implemented, and what is implemented must yield results. The spirit is to work together, share benefits, win together, and develop together./. Bao Linh Ministry of Planning and Investment
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