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印尼能源供应安全评估与中东冲突应对合规指南

来源：ESDM · Antara Indonesia

作者：东南亚合规中心编辑团队

TL;DR · 核心要点

印尼能源部长确认当前中东冲突未影响国内能源供应，但预警长期风险并启动供应链多元化预案。关键合规信息包括：1）约25%原油进口依赖中东，经霍尔木兹海峡运输；2）政府已通过国家能源委员会（DEN）启动进口源调整，转向美国等非霍尔木兹路线国家；3）LPG供应无风险，汽油主要来自东南亚，地缘敏感度低；4）所有能源进口企业需关注进口来源国变更及清关路径调整；5）未来1–2个月属政策缓冲期，但须同步更新供应链风险评估报告。对企业实际影响：从事原油、燃料油进口的中资企业应立即核查现有采购合同中的原产国、运输路线及不可抗力条款，并向印尼能矿部（ESDM）备案替代供应商资质；LPG和成品油贸易商暂无需调整，但建议加强库存动态监测。

✅ 合规行动清单 · Compliance Checklist

  • ›立即核查现有原油及燃料油采购合同中的原产国、霍尔木兹海峡运输路线及不可抗力条款，并于15个工作日内向印尼能矿部（ESDM）备案替代供应商资质
  • ›在政策缓冲期（未来2个月内）完成供应链风险评估报告更新，重点标注进口来源国变更与清关路径调整项
  • ›对LPG及成品油贸易业务加强每日库存动态监测并建立周报机制，暂无需调整供应商但须留存监测记录备查
  • ›Immediately review existing crude oil and fuel oil procurement contracts for country of origin, Strait of Hormuz transit route, and force majeure clauses, and submit alternative supplier qualifications to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) within 15 working days
  • ›Update the supply chain risk assessment report within the 2-month policy buffer period, explicitly flagging changes in import source countries and customs clearance route adjustments
  • ›Implement daily dynamic inventory monitoring for LPG and refined petroleum product trading operations, establish weekly reporting, and retain records for audit—no supplier changes required at this stage

English Summary

Indonesia's Energy Minister confirmed no current disruption to domestic fuel or LPG supply despite Middle East tensions, but warned of potential global chain impacts if conflict escalates. Key compliance implications: 25% of crude imports originate from the Middle East and transit the Strait of Hormuz—now under heightened Iranian military control. The government has initiated import diversification (e.g., shifting to U.S. and non-Hormuz suppliers) via DEN coordination. Gasoline imports are largely regional (Southeast Asia), reducing exposure. Foreign energy importers must review origin countries, shipping routes, and force majeure clauses in contracts; update supplier due diligence with ESDM; and prepare contingency logistics documentation. While no new regulation is issued yet, proactive risk mitigation is now a de facto compliance expectation for licensed importers under MEMR Regulation No. 22/2022 on Crude Oil Import Management.

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常见问题解答

我们是向印尼出口原油的中国贸易商，目前货源来自阿联酋，是否需要更换供应商？+
暂不强制更换，但需立即评估霍尔木兹海峡运输风险——若船舶必经该海峡，建议60天内启动替代方案（如转用美国或马来西亚货源），并向印尼能矿部（ESDM）提交《进口路径风险说明函》，否则可能影响后续进口配额审批。
印尼LPG进口是否受中东局势影响？是否要调整合同条款？+
不受影响。印尼LPG主要自澳大利亚、卡塔尔（经非霍尔木兹航线）及本土生产，部长明确表示‘无供应问题’。现有合同无需修改，但建议在新签合同中加入‘地缘稳定保证条款’以强化风控。
汽油进口商是否需向印尼政府报备新供应商？+
是。根据MEMR Reg. 22/2022第14条，所有成品油进口商须在更换供应商后15个工作日内，通过Online Licensing System（SILP）向ESDM提交新供应商营业执照、ISO认证及原产地证明。
印尼是否已出台针对中东冲突的临时进口配额调整政策？+
尚未发布正式文件。部长明确表示‘暂不增加进口配额’，当前策略聚焦于优化现有配额下的货源结构，而非总量扩张。企业应优先利用已获批配额切换低风险来源。
如何查询印尼认可的非霍尔木兹原油进口来源国清单？+
印尼未发布官方清单，但ESDM官网‘Energy Import Guidance’栏目列明了当前主流替代国：美国、马来西亚、越南、澳大利亚。企业可据此开展尽调，并在DEN季度会议前提交《替代来源可行性报告》获取政策支持。

相关关键词

印尼能源进口合规霍尔木兹海峡风险印尼原油进口政策印尼能矿部ESDM东南亚能源供应链
📄 官方原文参考（英文）点击展开
Jakarta (ANTARA) - Energy and Mineral Resources Minister Bahlil Lahadalia stated that the Middle East conflict involving the United States, Israel, and Iran has not yet disrupted Indonesia's national energy supply, including domestic fuel. "As of now, there has been no disruption," he told the press after attending a limited meeting led by President Prabowo Subianto at the Presidential Palace complex in Jakarta on Wednesday. While Indonesia’s energy supply is expected to remain secure for the next one to two months, Lahadalia acknowledged that a prolonged conflict would inevitably impact global supply chains. In this regard, he affirmed that the government has already anticipated these risks through National Energy Council (DEN) meetings. During those meetings, it was identified that approximately 25 percent of Indonesia’s crude oil imports come from the Middle East and pass through the strategic Strait of Hormuz, which is currently under heavy guard by Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. As part of mitigation, he explained, the government has started to shift some crude import sources to the United States and other countries that do not use the Strait of Hormuz route. According to him, this policy is being implemented to maintain supply stability in the event of distribution disruptions in the conflict zone. Furthermore, he assured that there are no supply issues regarding liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). He also noted that the majority of Indonesia’s gasoline imports come from Southeast Asia rather than the Middle East, making them relatively unaffected by the geopolitical situation. With this supply diversion strategy in place, Minister Lahadalia emphasized that Indonesia’s national energy condition remains safe and under control for the time being. Related news: Indonesia's energy council meets on Mideast war risks Related news: No increase in energy import quota under US trade deal: Minister Related news: Former Indonesian VP warns of fuel risk amid Middle East conflictTranslator: Andi Firdaus, Raka AdjiEditor: M Razi Rahman Copyright © ANTARA 2026
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