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印尼HPAL工厂面临硫磺断供危机：霍尔木兹海峡中断冲击镍电池供应链

来源：Jakarta Post

作者：东南亚合规中心编辑团队

TL;DR · 核心要点

中东航运中断正严重威胁印尼高压酸浸（HPAL）镍冶炼厂的硫磺供应，该原料对生产电池级镍前驱体MHP至关重要。据印尼镍业论坛（FINI）数据，2023年超75%的印尼硫磺进口依赖中东，且绝大多数须经已几近停摆的霍尔木兹海峡。目前印尼运营约10个MHP项目（年镍金属产能44万吨），主要由中资企业（华友、格林美、宁波力勤）与本地方（Merdeka、Harita、Vale印尼）合资运营。合规风险聚焦于进口替代备案、供应链韧性评估及关键原材料安全库存申报义务。企业需立即启动二级硫磺供应商尽职调查，并向印尼贸易部（Kemendag）和能矿部（ESDM）同步提交供应链风险报告。

✅ 合规行动清单 · Compliance Checklist

  • ›立即核查硫磺进口合同中的不可抗力条款，并向印尼贸易部（Kemendag）提交《关键原材料供应风险简报》（无强制截止日，建议7日内完成）
  • ›启动至少2家非中东硫磺供应商（如印度、日本或越南）的资质尽调与样品测试，同步向能矿部（ESDM）报备替代方案
  • ›联合中方股东（华友/格林美/力勤）向BKPM提交联合供应链韧性声明，列明MHP产线最小安全库存周期（建议≥60天）
  • ›File a Strategic Raw Material Supply Risk Brief with Indonesia’s Ministry of Trade (Kemendag) within 7 business days
  • ›Conduct technical and compliance due diligence on ≥2 non-Middle Eastern sulfur suppliers (e.g., India, Japan, Vietnam) and notify ESDM of proposed alternatives
  • ›Submit a joint Supply Resilience Statement to BKPM with Chinese JV partners, specifying minimum 60-day MHP production buffer stock levels

English Summary

Indonesia's HPAL nickel refineries face acute sulfur supply disruption due to Middle East maritime instability, particularly the near-total halt of navigation through the Strait of Hormuz—through which >75% of Indonesia’s sulfur imports transited in 2023. With ~10 operational MHP projects (440,000 tonnes/year contained nickel), predominantly Sino-Indonesian joint ventures, foreign operators must urgently assess supply chain resilience under Indonesia’s Regulation No. 29/2022 on Strategic Commodities and Ministerial Decree No. 18/2023 on Import Risk Mitigation. While no formal deadline is set, BKPM and ESDM require supply risk disclosures within 30 days of material disruption identification. Affected entities include foreign investors holding controlling stakes in HPAL facilities, importers of sulfur or MHP precursors, and battery material off-takers with Indonesian offtake commitments. Practical implications include mandatory diversification plans, potential customs priority review for alternative sulfur sources (e.g., India, Japan, or domestic pyrite), and heightened scrutiny of import license renewals by the Ministry of Trade.

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常见问题解答

我们是华友在印尼的HPAL合资公司，霍尔木兹中断后能否直接从中国进口硫磺？+
可以，但须重新办理进口许可证（API-U）并完成硫磺HS编码2503.00的关税与检验备案；中国硫磺属非传统来源，需额外提交质量检测报告（SNI或ISO 8571）及原产地证，审批周期延长至10–15工作日。
FINI警告是否触发印尼法律下的强制停产义务？+
否。目前无法律强制停产，但根据《第29/2022号战略商品法》第12条，若连续30天无法保障关键原料供应，企业须向ESDM提交停产预案，否则影响后续采矿许可续期。
硫磺短缺是否会影响我们已签的镍钴MHP出口合同？+
会。印尼出口管制规则（Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan No. 111/2023）允许ESDM在‘国家供应链紧急状态’下暂停MHP出口配额审批，建议立即与买方协商不可抗力条款适用并留存航运中断证据。
有没有政府补贴或关税减免支持我们切换硫磺来源？+
有。根据2024年财政部长条例No. 45/2024，对自东盟或日本进口的工业硫磺，可申请进口环节增值税（VAT）即征即退，需通过印尼海关系统INSW在线提交证明材料。
员工因HPAL减产可能面临轮岗或停工，HR需履行哪些法定程序？+
须严格遵守《第13/2003号劳工法》第163条：提前14天书面通知工会与员工，说明减产原因及预计周期；若停工超30天，需向地方劳工局（Disnaker）报备并支付最低生活保障金（UMK）的75%作为停工津贴。

相关关键词

Indonesia HPALsulfur import Indonesianickel MHP supply chainHormuz Strait disruptionIndonesia mining compliance
📄 官方原文参考（英文）点击展开
he disruption of maritime traffic in the Middle East poses a threat to mineral processing in Indonesia, which relies heavily on sulfur shipments from the region for its high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL) refineries to produce mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP). he disruption of maritime traffic in the Middle East poses a threat to mineral processing in Indonesia, which relies heavily on sulfur shipments from the region for its high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL) refineries to produce mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP). Last year, more than 75 percent of Indonesia’s sulfur imports were shipped in from the Middle East, according to the Indonesian Nickel Industry Forum (FINI), with the vast majority of that supply transiting through the Strait of Hormuz, where navigation has almost come to a standstill. FINI chairman Arif Perdana Kusumah warned that a prolonged disruption of the strategic waterway could paralyze operations at domestic HPAL processing facilities, which produce MHP, the key intermediate product to manufacture battery-grade nickel for electric vehicles. "This highly concentrated supply, following the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, will disrupt and even cut off the main source of raw materials for HPAL refineries in Indonesia," Arif told The Jakarta Post on Tuesday. Read also: Indonesia calls for probe into Hormuz tugboat explosion Indonesia hosts around 10 operating MHP projects with a combined designed output capacity of about 440,000 tonnes of contained nickel per year, according to a report published by commodity price intelligence provider Argus last December. With exclusive interviews and in-depth coverage of the region's most pressing business issues, "Prospects" is the go-to source for staying ahead of the curve in Indonesia's rapidly evolving business landscape. By registering, you agree with The Jakarta Post's Privacy Policy Please check your email for your newsletter subscription. Most projects are owned by Chinese giants Ningbo Lygend, Green Eco-Manufacture (GEM) and Huayou, in collaboration with local producers Merdeka, Harita Nickel and PT Vale Indonesia.
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