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菲律宾矿业与数据中心业务退出背后的税务与合规考量

来源:BIR · Rappler Philippines

作者:东南亚合规中心编辑团队

TL;DR · 核心要点

本文基于Rappler报道,解析SM投资公司拟退出菲律宾矿业(Atlas Mining)及数据中心业务的动因,重点揭示其隐含的税务与合规风险。关键合规信息包括:1)菲律宾矿业企业需遵守《国家矿业政策法案》及BIR Revenue Regulations No. 5-2021关于资源税、预提税及资本利得税申报要求;2)外资持股超30%的矿业项目须经DENR和BOI双重合规审查,转让可能触发股权变更备案义务;3)数据中心运营受《Electric Power Industry Reform Act》约束,高电价(东南亚第二高)直接影响增值税进项抵扣合理性;4)跨境铜精矿出口适用0% VAT但须提交BIR Form 2550M及海关出口声明;5)资产处置收益按菲律宾居民企业25%企业所得税率征税,且不享受PEZA税收优惠。对企业实际影响:退出决策需同步启动BIR资本利得税清算、BOI项目状态更新及DENR矿业权变更备案,否则面临滞纳金及审计风险。

✅ 合规行动清单 · Compliance Checklist

  • 立即向BIR提交资本利得税清算申请(BIR Form 1702-RT)并缴清25%企业所得税,最迟在资产处置完成日后30日内
  • 向BOI更新项目状态并提交股权变更备案文件,须在退出协议签署后15个工作日内完成
  • 向DENR提交矿业权变更或注销申请,并同步附上环境合规证明,须在退出生效前完成
  • File BIR Form 1702-RT and settle the 25% corporate income tax on asset disposal proceeds with the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) within 30 days from completion of asset disposition
  • Submit equity change notification and project status update to the Board of Investments (BOI) within 15 working days from execution of the exit agreement
  • Apply to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) for mining rights amendment or cancellation, accompanied by environmental compliance certification, prior to exit effective date

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常见问题解答

SM退出Atlas Mining股权,中国股东在菲律宾需缴纳多少资本利得税?+
菲律宾对居民企业股权转让征收25%企业所得税(IRC Sec. 27A),若SMIC为菲律宾注册实体,其出售Atlas Mining 30.4%股份所得需按全额应税所得计税;非居民股东则适用15%预提税(BIR RR No. 5-2021),但需确认中菲税收协定是否适用更低税率。
向中国出口铜精矿是否需缴纳菲律宾增值税?如何申报?+
根据菲律宾《国家增值税法》,出口货物适用0% VAT,但必须完成BIR Form 2550M月度申报,并附海关出口证明(Form S-1)、商业发票及提单。未及时提交将导致进项税无法抵扣,甚至被认定为内销征税。
退出YCO数据中⼼少数股权投资,是否触发菲律宾PEZA优惠返还义务?+
若YCO曾获PEZA批准并享受所得税减免(ITD),SMIC作为18%股东虽非主申请人,但若其退出导致项目控制权变更或运营中断,PEZA可能要求追溯调整优惠资格,需提前向PEZA提交退出说明并获取书面确认。
菲律宾矿业企业亏损能否结转?最长年限是多少?+
根据2023年《CREATE Law》修订条款,矿业企业可将经营亏损向前结转3年、向后结转5年(IRC Sec. 34M),但须在BIR Form 1702-RT中完整披露成本构成,并保留DENR核准的储量报告作为税务审计依据。
SMIC处置矿业资产时,折旧资产重估增值部分是否单独征税?+
是。根据BIR Revenue Memorandum Order No. 29-2022,资产重估产生的未实现增值不征税,但一旦处置,增值部分(公允价值减计税基础)全额计入资本利得,适用25%企业所得税,且不得用以前年度亏损抵扣。

相关关键词

菲律宾矿业税务数据中心退出合规菲律宾资本利得税BIR申报要求菲律宾矿业权变更
📄 官方原文参考(英文)点击展开
Conglomerates in the Philippines Why SM Investments mulls exit from data center, mining businesses Mar 3, 2026 5:29 PM PHT Tatiana Maligro SUMMARY This is AI generated summarization, which may have errors. For context, always refer to the full article. SM Investments currently owns 30.4% of Atlas Mining, which operates mines in Cebu, South Cotabato, and Sultan Kudarat MANILA, Philippines – SM Investments Corporation (SMIC) announced plans to exit the Atlas Consolidated Mining & Development Corporation and its data center business in the near future, its president and chief executive officer Frederic DyBuncio said. In a press conference on Monday, March 2, DyBuncio said SMIC is looking to possibly reduce its stake in Atlas Mining due to its lack of synergies with the rest of the company’s portfolio. SMIC currently owns around 30.4% of Atlas Mining. “Mining is a very cyclical business. If the dollar goes down, prices go up. If the dollar goes up, prices go down. It’s really a cyclical business, and right now it’s probably a good time to be able to dispose of it given the need for copper for all of these EVs and whatever else that’s being done,” he said. DyBuncio also pointed out that gold prices are currently at $5,300, saying that it may be a good time to dispose of Atlas Mining shares. But he clarified that the move is still subject to board approval. Atlas Mining — which operates mines in Cebu, South Cotabato, and Sultan Kudarat — manages its core interests through specialized subsidiaries such as the Carmen Copper Corporation. This arm oversees the full lifecycle of metallic mining and serves an international market by exporting copper concentrate to smelters in China. The company saw its revenue decline 12% in 2025 to P16.5 million, but its net loss improved to around P100 million. No data center buyer Aside from Atlas Mining, DyBuncio also reiterated SMIC’s plans to exit the data center business at a time when Southeast Asia is in a data center boom. A report by audit and advisory firm KPMG estimates that data capacity in Southeast Asia is expected to triple by 2030 thanks to a tenfold surge in AI use. The Sy-led firm currently owns 18% of YCO Global Cloud Centers, a digital infrastructure firm that currently develops carrier-neural and greenfield data centers. “That data center business actually has not progressed very much. So we’re probably going to be exiting that business,” DyBuncio said. DyBuncio earlier cited the Philippines’ high power costs, which is the second highest in Southeast Asia. “Right now, we are not really focused on data centers because from our perspective, the power cost is very expensive and the small minority we have in the data center business we’ll probably sell that eventually,” he told reporters in August 2025. SMIC’s net income grew 10% in 2025 to P90.5 billion as growth in its banking segments’ loan books contributed to a 49% share of consolidated net income. Its retail arm’s bottomline also grew 1% to P21.1 billion amid steady department store growth due to contributions from the kids category in the fourth quarter. – Rappler.com Summarize this article with AI Share in Chat Share article Facebook X (Twitter) Copy Link Copied How does this make you feel? Loading Related Topics Henry Sy heirs mining industry retail industry tech companies author Tatiana Maligro @tatimaligro_ Tatiana Maligro is a multimedia reporter covering business and the economy for Rappler. More from Tatiana Maligro Henry Sy heirs Business Mall No. 90: Sy family to open SM City Zamboanga this March as peace and order holds Share in Chat Share article Facebook X (Twitter) Copy Link Copied Rappler Blogs [BizSights] Not all flood control projects are bad. Here are some we can be proud of. 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