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印尼水危机预警：爪哇岛及重点城市用水合规新规

来源：Bappenas · Kemenkumham Indonesia

作者：东南亚合规中心编辑团队

TL;DR · 核心要点

印尼国家发展规划部警告，爪哇岛（含雅加达、东爪哇、西爪哇）及棉兰、望加锡等非爪哇城市正面临严峻水资源短缺风险，2045年用水需求将比2015年增长31%。关键合规信息包括：① 水资源保护已列为政府核心优先事项，涵盖流域治理、森林与土地修复、多用途水坝建设；② 雅加达已出台建筑用水管控条例；③ 农业占全国用水80%，工业用水预计四年内翻两番；④ 地下水超采引发地面沉降，12.7万公顷土地退化加剧供水压力。对企业而言，高耗水行业（食品加工、纺织、制糖、地产开发）须立即启动用水审计、申报取水许可，并配合地方政府实施节水改造；外资项目环评须新增水资源承载力专项评估。

✅ 合规行动清单 · Compliance Checklist

  • ›立即核查在雅加达、泗水、万隆、棉兰或望加锡的运营项目是否已取得当地PDAM或省公共工程局（Dinas PU）签发的取水许可证
  • ›2025年底前完成所有新建/扩建厂房的用水效率审计，并向省级环境部门提交节水技术升级方案
  • ›在提交环境影响评估（AMDAL）前，委托获BAPEDALDA认证机构开展水资源承载力专项评估
  • ›Verify and obtain valid water abstraction permits from local PDAM or Provincial Public Works Office (Dinas PU) for all operations in Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, or Makassar
  • ›Conduct water efficiency audits for all new or expanded facilities and submit water-saving upgrade plans to provincial environmental agencies by Q4 2025
  • ›Commission a water resource carrying capacity assessment from BAPEDALDA-accredited consultants prior to AMDAL submission

English Summary

Indonesia’s Ministry of National Development Planning has issued a formal water crisis alert, identifying Java (Jakarta, East/West Java) and non-Java cities (Medan, Makassar) as high-risk zones. Water demand is projected to rise 31% by 2045 vs. 2015—driven by population growth and a 4x surge in industrial demand. Agriculture consumes 80% of national water; hydropower supplies 7.5% of electricity. Key compliance requirements include: mandatory watershed conservation programs for infrastructure projects; Jakarta’s new building water-use regulation; groundwater extraction restrictions due to land subsidence; and mandatory water resource carrying capacity assessments in EIA reports. Affected entities include foreign manufacturers, real estate developers, agro-processing firms, and renewable energy investors. No centralized deadline is set yet, but regional water permits (issued by PDAM or provincial Dinas PU) must be secured before construction commencement. Businesses must align with the 2026 Indonesia Environmental Outlook framework and prepare for stricter enforcement under Law No. 7/2004 on Water Resources.

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常见问题解答

我们公司在泗水有一家食品加工厂，目前直接抽取地下水使用，是否需要立即申请许可？+
是的。根据印尼《2004年第7号水法》及东爪哇省条例，所有地下水抽取均须持证。泗水市自2024年起已启动地下水监测系统，未持证取水将面临最高2亿印尼盾罚款及停产整改。请即联系PDAM Surya Sembada或东爪哇省公共工程局办理临时取水许可。
外资房地产项目在雅加达建高层公寓，是否受新出台的建筑用水管制影响？+
是。雅加达特区2023年第127号条例明确要求：新建住宅楼必须安装中水回用系统+雨水收集装置，并接入市政智慧水表网络。2025年1月起，未达标项目不予发放建筑许可证（IMB）。建议在设计阶段即引入本地水务咨询公司进行合规预审。
我们计划在中苏拉威西省投资水电站，是否需额外满足水资源保护要求？+
是。除常规能源许可外，所有水电项目须通过流域综合管理评估（RIMBA），并承诺配套投入不低于总投资3%的资金用于上游森林修复与社区节水设施。该要求由Bappenas联合环境与林业部（KLHK）联合执行，未履行将导致运营许可证不予续期。
农业出口企业使用灌溉渠水，是否属于本次监管范围？+
目前大型灌溉系统用水由PUPR部统一调度，但2026年起将试点‘农业用水配额制’——西爪哇、东爪哇等缺水区将对年用水超50万立方米的农场实行年度定额管理。建议提前建立数字化用水台账，并接入国家农业水资源平台（SIMAIRA）。
如何确认合作的本地水务顾问是否具备官方资质？+
可通过印尼环境与林业部（KLHK）官网查询‘Daftar Konsultan Lingkungan Terakreditasi’名录，或登录国家认证委员会（KAN）数据库核验其ISO/IEC 17020资质编号。所有AMDAL报告签字顾问必须持有KLHK颁发的‘Sertifikat Kompetensi AMDAL’且在有效期内。

相关关键词

Indonesia water regulationJava water shortagePDAM permit Indonesiawater conservation complianceIndonesia EIA water assessment
📄 官方原文参考（英文）点击展开
Jakarta (ANTARA) - The Ministry of National Development Planning has warned of a looming water crisis across several regions, particularly on Java Island, as water demand is expected to increase significantly. "Indonesia’s water supply remains stable on average. However, if we look at it by island or region, many of those facing water shortages are on Java Island," the ministry’s Director of Forestry and Water Resources Conservation, Dadang Jainal Mutaqin, said. Speaking at the dissemination of the Indonesia Environmental Outlook (IEO) 2026 in Jakarta on Friday, he noted that the regions include Jakarta, East Java, and several areas in West Java. Meanwhile, outside of Java Island, Medan and Makassar are among the at-risk regions. According to 2021 World Bank data, Indonesia’s potential water availability reaches 3.9 billion cubic meters per year, with 80 percent of the national supply utilized for irrigation or the agricultural sector. Beyond agriculture, he continued, water is also essential for renewable energy, as 7.5 percent of Indonesia’s electricity is generated by hydropower plants. However, the country faces several challenges regarding its water resources. Water demand is projected to increase by 31 percent by 2045 compared to 2015 levels, driven by population growth and a fourfold increase in industrial demand. At the same time, the country faces threats from land subsidence due to groundwater extraction, alongside the challenge of 12.7 million hectares of degraded land. To this end, water resources conservation has become a primary government focus, prompting efforts from pollution control and water quality monitoring to the protection and preservation of water sources. "For water self-sufficiency, we have initiated a watershed conservation program. This includes forest and land rehabilitation, irrigation system management, the construction of multi-purpose dams, and other initiatives," Mutaqin expounded. Related news: Indonesia aims 24 million household water connections by 2029 Related news: Minister ensures clean water assistance for Sumatra recovery Related news: Jakarta issues regulation to tighten control on buildings' water use Translator: Prisca Triferna, Raka AdjiEditor: Azis Kurmala Copyright © ANTARA 2026
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