TL;DR · 核心要点
本文报道2026年3月10日美元兑越南盾在官方市场小幅贬值（0.02%），黑市则微涨0.15%，反映越南外汇市场受全球地缘政治与美联储政策预期影响。需注意：越南央行（SBV）严格监管外汇交易，所有跨境资金流动须通过持牌银行完成；企业结汇/购汇必须基于真实贸易背景并留存单据至少5年；黑市交易属非法，最高可处行政罚款或刑事责任。对企业的实际影响包括：进口成本短期承压缓解，但需强化外汇申报合规流程；财务部门须每日监控SBV中间价及三大国有银行（Vietcombank等）挂牌价；涉外合同应明确币种、汇率风险分担机制，避免因汇率波动引发争议。
✅ 合规行动清单 · Compliance Checklist
- ›立即核查所有涉外合同中的汇率条款，确保明确约定计价币种、结算基准价（以SBV中间价为准）及风险分担机制
- ›自2026年4月起，所有对外付款须通过Vietcombank、BIDV或Agribank等持牌银行完成，并同步上传报关单至SBV电子申报系统
- ›财务部门每周向管理层提交《外汇敞口分析报告》，列明未交割远期头寸、到期日及对应贸易背景凭证编号
- ›Review and amend all cross-border contracts to specify settlement currency, reference exchange rate (SBV mid-rate), and FX risk allocation clause by March 31, 2026
- ›Process all outbound payments exclusively through SBV-licensed banks (e.g., Vietcombank, BIDV) and submit customs documentation electronically via SBV’s e-Declaration Portal
- ›Submit weekly FX exposure reports to senior management, including open forward positions, maturity dates, and corresponding trade document references
English Summary
This article reports a marginal 0.02% depreciation of the USD against the VND at Vietcombank on March 10, 2026, while the parallel market rose 0.15%. Though not a regulatory change, it underscores Vietnam’s strict foreign exchange regime under the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV). All cross-border payments must be processed via licensed banks with verifiable underlying transactions. Enterprises must retain supporting documents (e.g., contracts, invoices, customs declarations) for five years. Unlicensed forex trading—including black-market exchanges—is illegal and punishable by fines or imprisonment under Decree 88/2019/ND-CP. Foreign businesses must align treasury operations with SBV Circular 29/2023/TT-NHNN, update FX risk clauses in contracts, and reconcile daily FX positions against SBV’s reference rate. Non-compliance may trigger audit scrutiny, delayed payments, or penalties.
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立即咨询 →常见问题解答
越南企业能否使用黑市汇率结算外贸货款？+
不可以。根据越南《外汇管理法》第26条及第88/2019/ND-CP号法令，使用非授权渠道进行外汇买卖属于违法行为，企业将面临最高5亿越南盾罚款，并可能被吊销进出口资质。所有结算必须采用越南国家银行（SBV）公布的中间价或持牌银行挂牌价。
外资企业在越南开立美元账户是否需要审批？+
需要。依据SBV第29/2023/TT-NHNN号通函，外资企业须向开户银行提交投资许可证、公司章程及外汇用途说明，经银行初审后报SBV备案，全程约5–7个工作日。账户仅限用于真实贸易、服务及直接投资项下收支。
越南税务局是否认可黑市汇率用于所得税税前扣除？+
完全不认可。越南财政部第45/2022/TT-BTC号通知明确规定，所有跨境成本费用的人民币/美元折算必须采用SBV当月最后一个工作日发布的中间价，否则税务机关有权调整应纳税所得额并加收滞纳金。
美元兑越南盾波动是否影响越南增值税（VAT）申报？+
不影响。越南VAT以越南盾计征和申报，进口环节VAT按海关核定完税价格（已按SBV当日中间价折算为VND）计算。企业无需自行换算，但须确保报关单币种与银行付款凭证一致。
如何实时获取越南国家银行（SBV）官方汇率？+
唯一权威渠道是SBV官网（www.sbv.gov.vn）首页‘Tỷ giá ngoại tệ’栏目，每日上午9:00更新中间价。企业不得采用第三方平台或银行柜台牌价作为法定计价依据，否则可能被认定为申报不实。
相关关键词
Vietnam forex complianceUSD VND exchange rateSBV regulationsVietnam foreign exchange controlVietnam banking license
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Dollar slips against dong - VnExpress International The most read Vietnamese newspaper Follow us on Edition: International | Vietnamese Home News Politics Education Environment Traffic Crime Brainteaser Business DataSpeaks Property Billionaires Markets Companies Economy Money Quiz Tech Tech news Enterprises Personalities Vietnam innovation Challenge hub Travel Places Food Guide Visa Puzzle Life Trend Arts Celebrities Vogue Love Wellness Sports Football Boxing Marathon Tennis Golf Other sports Trivia World Perspectives Readers' Views VnE-GO Premium Contact Us © Copyright 1997 VnExpress.net. All rights reserved. Go Business DataSpeaks Property Billionaires Companies Markets Economy Money Quiz Copy link Most Read 1. Three zodiac signs destined for a comfortable old age with caring children and ample wealth 2. Vietnam has 8 billionaires in Forbes’s annual list 3. Chinese mathematician Wan Daqing leaves US after 30 years to join Chongqing University 4. Phu Quoc surpasses Maldives to be named Asia's second best island in DestinAsian ranking 5. Singaporeans keep shopping in Malaysia despite stronger ringgit 6. Son criticizes father for saving $76,000 instead of giving early inheritance 7. Vietnam's airline costs jump 60-70% as Middle East conflict triples jet fuel prices 8. Vietnam Airlines to launch direct flights from HCMC to Thailand resort island 9. Who are the 5 youngest billionaires globally in 2026? 10. World's most expensive passport revealed and it's not Singapore Dollar slips against dong By Dat Nguyen  March 10, 2026 | 08:08 pm PT A U.S. dollar bill. Photo by Unsplash/alexandratimis The U.S. dollar decreased marginally against the Vietnamese dong Wednesday morning. Vietcombank sold the greenback 0.02% lower at VND26,311.On the black market the dollar inched up 0.15% to VND27,240.Globally the dollar held its ground on Wednesday as traders moved to the sidelines, awaiting cues on what comes next in the U.S.-Israeli war with Iran while mixed messages on a resolution to the conflict kept sentiment frail, Reuters reported.Global markets have been betting that U.S. President Donald Trump will seek to end the conflict soon, but Trump has also repeatedly threatened to hit Iran hard over moves to stop the flow of energy supplies through the Strait of Hormuz.The dollar index, which measures the U.S. unit against six other rivals, was at 98.876, inching away from the three-month top hit on Monday. Comments (0) Latest first | Highest rated Latest firstHighest rated View more 20/1000 Tắt chia sẻ Log out 0/1000