TL;DR · 核心要点
本文报道2026年3月14日越南黑市美元兑越盾汇率单日下跌0.18%至27,190 VND/USD，而官方银行（如Vietcombank）维持26,318 VND/USD不变，凸显官方与非正规渠道间显著价差。关键合规信息：越南严禁外汇黑市交易；《越南外汇管理法》第26条明确禁止未经许可的外币买卖；国家银行（SBV）持续严打地下汇兑；企业跨境支付必须通过持牌商业银行完成；使用黑市换汇可能触发反洗钱（AML）调查及行政处罚。对企业影响：外资企业若依赖非正规渠道结算货款、支付薪酬或分红，将面临SBV罚款（最高5亿越盾）、账户冻结及税务稽查风险；建议立即审查所有外汇操作路径，确保100%经SBV授权银行执行，并留存完整交易凭证至少5年。
✅ 合规行动清单 · Compliance Checklist
- ›立即停止使用任何非银行渠道进行美元兑越盾兑换，全部外汇交易须通过Vietcombank等SBV持牌银行办理
- ›在2026年4月30日前完成过去12个月所有外汇收付记录自查，重点核查无合同支撑的汇入/汇出款项
- ›向当地税务机关（GDT）及国家银行（SBV）分支机构提交2025年度外汇操作合规声明（模板可向律所索取）
- ›Cease all USD/VND exchanges via unofficial channels effective immediately; route 100% of FX through SBV-licensed banks (e.g., Vietcombank, BIDV)
- ›Audit all FX inflows/outflows for FY2025 by April 30, 2026 — flag transactions lacking commercial contracts, invoices, or SBV-compliant declarations
- ›Submit an annual FX Compliance Statement to the General Department of Taxation (GDT) and local SBV branch by May 15, 2026
English Summary
This report notes a 0.18% decline in the unofficial USD/VND exchange rate to VND27,190 on March 14, 2026 — starkly diverging from Vietcombank’s official rate of VND26,318. While not a regulatory update per se, it signals heightened foreign exchange volatility and enforcement risk. Under Vietnam’s Foreign Exchange Ordinance (No. 28/2023/ND-CP) and SBV Circular 29/2023/TT-NHNN, all foreign currency transactions must occur via licensed credit institutions; black-market dealings are strictly prohibited and subject to fines up to VND500 million, account suspension, or criminal referral. Affected entities include foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs), trading companies, and digital service providers remitting cross-border payments. No new deadline is introduced, but SBV intensified inspections in Q1 2026 targeting informal FX flows linked to e-commerce, freelance platforms, and offshore payroll. Practical implications: FIEs must audit all FX channels by April 30, 2026; replace informal remittance partners with SBV-approved banks; and retain full documentation (contracts, invoices, bank slips) for 5 years to satisfy tax and AML audits.
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立即咨询 →常见问题解答
企业用黑市换汇被查到会罚多少钱？+
根据越南第28/2023/ND-CP号法令第26条，非法外汇交易最高可处5亿越盾（约合14.5万元人民币）罚款，并可能冻结银行账户、吊销营业执照。若涉及金额超20亿越盾或重复违规，将移交公安机关追究刑事责任。
银行官方汇率和黑市差这么多，企业能申请特殊汇率吗？+
不能。越南实行有管理的浮动汇率制，所有企业必须按银行当日挂牌中间价或协议价结算。SBV严禁‘议价套利’，任何试图协商偏离银行挂牌价的行为均属违规，可能触发反洗钱预警。
员工海外工资用黑市换汇发，公司要担责吗？+
是的。若公司安排、默许或报销黑市换汇成本，将被视为共同违法主体。SBV与GDT已建立联合稽查机制，2026年已查处3起外资企业因外包薪酬发放使用地下钱庄被重罚案例。
客户坚持用黑市结汇付款，企业如何规避风险？+
必须书面拒绝并提供SBV认证的收款账户信息；在合同中明确约定‘仅接受经越南持牌银行清算的美元付款’；保留全部沟通记录。否则，收款方可能被认定为协助非法外汇交易。
哪些银行是SBV认可的合法外汇结算行？+
截至2026年3月，越南国家银行官网公示的100%持牌外汇银行共38家，包括Vietcombank、BIDV、Agribank、Techcombank、VPBank等。企业可通过SBV官网（www.sbv.gov.vn）→ ‘Licensed Institutions’栏目实时查询最新名单。
相关关键词
Vietnam forex regulationUSD VND black marketSBV complianceVietnam tax complianceforeign exchange Vietnam
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Dollar inches lower against dong on black market - VnExpress International The most read Vietnamese newspaper Follow us on Edition: International | Vietnamese Home News Politics Education Environment Traffic Crime Brainteaser Business DataSpeaks Property Billionaires Markets Companies Economy Money Quiz Tech Tech news Enterprises Personalities Vietnam innovation Challenge hub Travel Places Food Guide Visa Puzzle Life Trend Arts Celebrities Vogue Love Wellness Sports Football Boxing Marathon Tennis Golf Other sports Trivia World Perspectives Readers' Views VnE-GO Premium Contact Us © Copyright 1997 VnExpress.net. All rights reserved. Go Business DataSpeaks Property Billionaires Companies Markets Economy Money Quiz Copy link Most Read 1. 3 Vietnamese breakfast foods named global favorites 2. 14 Asian coffee shops among world's best this year 3. Which Asian country has no official capital? 4. What is driving hundreds of thousands of foreign students to South Korea? 5. Agriculture sector tops Vietnam's CEO salary rankings with monthly pay of $20,000 6. Hanoi releases master plan to redesign city over next 100 years 7. FBI offers $1M to find man allegedly killing two Vietnamese brothers and dumping them in river with cement 8. Gold prices drop to one month low 9. Vietnam IT student leads $95,500-a-month startup as CTO, plans Southeast Asia expansion 10. Vietnamese scientist discovers rice compounds that outperform chemo drugs against blood cancer Dollar inches lower against dong on black market By Dat Nguyen  March 14, 2026 | 03:27 am PT U.S. dollar banknotes are seen in this illustration taken May 4, 2025. Photo by Reuters The U.S. dollar dropped against the Vietnamese dong on the black market Saturday morning. Unofficial exchange points sold the greenback 0.18% lower at VND27,190.Vietcombank kept its rate unchanged at VND26,318.Globally the pound headed for a fourth daily loss against the dollar on Friday after weak U.K. economic data, while concerns about the economic impact of the conflict in the Middle East drove investors into the greenback, Reuters reported.The pound was last down 0.51% on the day against the dollar at $1.3273.The euro rose 0.13% to 86.37 pence after hitting 86.18 pence on Thursday, its lowest since early February. Comments (0) Latest first | Highest rated Latest firstHighest rated View more 20/1000 Tắt chia sẻ Log out 0/1000