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越南房贷利率飙升致公寓抛售潮:税务与信贷合规警示

来源:VnExpress Vietnam

作者:东南亚合规中心编辑团队

TL;DR · 核心要点

越南2026年初房贷利率飙升至15–16%,引发公寓市场抛售潮,大量杠杆投资者面临违约风险。关键合规信息包括:(1)银行浮动利率贷款占比上升,2023–2025年发放的补贴利率贷款正批量转入高息浮动阶段;(2)抵押贷款占银行信贷组合比重显著,坏账风险已获FiinRatings等评级机构预警;(3)CBRE指出,高杠杆(50–70%融资比例)、低流动性资产(如condotel、滨海商铺)风险最高;(4)购房者咨询量2025年12月起月降17–20%,2026年1月再降28%。对企业影响:外资房地产基金需重估越南资产收购估值与持有成本;中资开发商及SPV须审阅存量贷款条款,防范交叉违约;跨境资金安排应预留利率对冲机制。

✅ 合规行动清单 · Compliance Checklist

  • 立即核查2023–2025年在越南签署的人民币/美元房贷合同中浮动利率触发条款及宽限期结束时间
  • 委托越南持牌税务师评估当前抛售意向是否触发越南资本利得税(0–20%)或增值税(10%)申报义务
  • 向越南国家银行(SBV)备案跨境担保结构,若涉及中资母公司为越南项目公司提供贷款增信
  • Review all Vietnam-domiciled mortgage agreements signed 2023–2025 for floating-rate conversion dates, grace period expiry, and prepayment penalties
  • Engage a licensed Vietnamese tax advisor to assess capital gains tax (0–20%), VAT (10%), and stamp duty exposure from distressed property disposals
  • File cross-border guarantee disclosures with the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) if parent-company guarantees support Vietnam project loans

English Summary

Vietnam’s mortgage interest rates surged to 15–16% in early 2026, triggering a wave of distressed apartment sales and heightened default risks—especially for borrowers who took loans during the 2023–2025 low-rate period. Key compliance implications: banks face rising non-performing loan (NPL) pressure as subsidized loans transition to floating rates; FiinRatings identifies this as a top real estate market risk; CBRE highlights high vulnerability among investors with 50–70% LTV financing on illiquid assets (e.g., condotels, beachfront shophouses). Property search volume dropped 28% MoM in January 2026. Foreign businesses—especially real estate funds, developers, and SPVs—must reassess debt covenants, stress-test cash flows under 15%+ rates, and review Vietnamese tax implications of forced asset disposals (e.g., capital gains, VAT, transfer pricing). No new tax regulation is announced, but elevated financial stress increases audit scrutiny.

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常见问题解答

越南公寓低价抛售是否要交资本利得税?税率多少?+
是的。越南对个人和企业出售不动产征收资本利得税:居民企业按20%法定税率计征;非居民企业适用0–20%核定税率(通常1–5%),具体取决于转让价格与原始成本凭证完整性。若无法提供购入发票,税务机关可按转让价3–5%核定征税。
房贷利率升至15%,能否申请延期还款或重组?+
可向放贷银行申请,但无法定宽限权。越南国家银行(SBV)2024年第12号通知鼓励银行对‘暂时性困难’客户展期,需提供收入下降证明;但2026年起审核趋严,多数银行要求追加抵押或股东担保。
中国母公司为越南子公司房贷提供担保,是否需在越南登记?+
必须登记。根据SBV《外汇管理指引》第19号通知,所有跨境担保(含母公司担保)须在签约后15日内向SBV或指定商业银行备案,否则担保无效且可能被处以担保金额1–5%罚款。
抛售公寓亏损,能否在越南企业所得税前抵扣?+
可以,但有条件。亏损须经越南注册会计师审计确认,并在当年企业所得税申报表(Form 03/TNDN)中列示;若为关联交易,还需准备同期资料证明转让价格符合独立交易原则,否则税务机关有权纳税调整。
利率飙升导致现金流断裂,是否影响越南外商投资许可证(IRC)有效性?+
不影响IRC本身,但若连续两年未实缴注册资本或项目长期停工,越南计划投资部(MPI)可能启动稽查并要求说明;严重者可依《投资法》第48条撤销IRC。建议同步向MPI提交经营困难说明并申请延期建设。

相关关键词

Vietnam mortgage rateVietnam real estate taxVietnam banking complianceVietnam loan default riskVietnam property market 2026
📄 官方原文参考(英文)点击展开
Rising mortgage interest rates cause selloff in apartment market - VnExpress International The most read Vietnamese newspaper Follow us on Edition: International | Vietnamese Home News Politics Education Environment Traffic Crime Brainteaser Business DataSpeaks Property Billionaires Markets Companies Economy Money Quiz Tech Tech news Enterprises Personalities Vietnam innovation Challenge hub Travel Places Food Guide Visa Puzzle Life Trend Arts Celebrities Vogue Love Wellness Sports Football Boxing Marathon Tennis Golf Other sports Trivia World Perspectives Readers' Views VnE-GO Premium Contact Us © Copyright 1997 VnExpress.net. All rights reserved. Go Business DataSpeaks Property Billionaires Companies Markets Economy Money Quiz Copy link Most Read 1. Malaysia’s richest man Robert Kuok’s PPB Group names his grandson as board director 2. Gold prices drop 3. Banker left seven-figure job to sell bubble tea, now his company makes $500M a year 4. South Korean celebrities rush to sell property as capital gains tax could reach 75% 5. Thailand denies allegations tourists are arbitrarily refused entry at airports 6. Stocks post largest dip in history 7. Computer science master’s graduates most sought-after by US employers 8. Which is the most expensive retail street in Asia-Pacific? 9. Vietnam's top beach city Da Nang to double airport capacity to 20 million per year 10. Middle East conflict puts world's busiest airport muscle to the test Rising mortgage interest rates cause selloff in apartment market By Phuong Uyen &nbspMarch 8, 2026 | 09:07 pm PT Apartment owners are trying to sell out due to high loan interest rates but many are finding it hard to find buyers as prices flatline. Quoc Tuan is listing his two-bedroom apartment in the eastern part of in HCMC. He had bought the VND4.5-billion apartment at the end of 2023 with a bank loan funding 60% of the cost.The loan interest rate had been 7% in the first year but rose to 11% last October and to 15% earlier this year. His monthly mortgage payment has doubled as a result from VND16 million to VND33 million and become a burden. Eastern HCMC in October 2025. Photo by VnExpress/Quynh Tran He is now looking to sell the property for VND5 billion, but has difficulty finding a buyer. "If it does not sell, I will have to go down to the original price to avoid further losses."Tran Van Phuc, also in HCMC, bought a VND8 billion apartment in early 2025, borrowing 40% from a bank for 20 years.In the first year he paid around VND34 million a month toward principal and interest when the interest rate was a subsidized 8.5%.At the end of the subsidy period it switched to a market-based floating rate of 15%, and his monthly payment rose to nearly VND50 million.He says he risks default if he continues to bear this enormous burden for a few more months. "Even if I have to sell the apartment at cost price or a loss, I will do it."Many investors who bought apartments during the low-interest-rate period are facing similar pressure as rates spiral upward.Brokers say buyers who are willing to pay quickly can get discounts of up to 15% as people seek to sell apartments as soon as possible.On social media property groups, sellers are bringing prices down by 10–12% compared to listed market levels.Mortgage interest rates at many banks are currently at 9.5–14%, while floating rates can reach 15–16%.Data from property portal Batdongsan shows inquiry for property purchases began to decline in the final two months of 2025 as interest rates showed signs of rising, with a drop of 17–20% month-on-month. The trend continued in January, when searches fell by a further 28%.In a recent note credit rating agency FiinRatings said rising mortgage interest rates have become one of the major risks facing the real estate market.Mortgages account for a substantial share of the credit portfolios of many banks, most of them given during the low-interest-rate period between 2023 and 2025, when rates remained steady at around 8% for up to 24 months.When loans shift to floating rates of around 13–15% per year, borrowers’ repayment obligations can increase sharply.If interest rates remain at these elevated levels for any length of time, the threat of bad debts will loom over the banking system.Le Quoc Kien, an independent real estate consultant, says financial pressure is most felt by people who borrowed in 2023-2025 as the interest rate subsidy and principal grace period have ended.The latter means borrowers now also have to pay principal, causing monthly obligations to double.From a market perspective, Vo Huynh Tuan Kiet, director of residential markets at CBRE Vietnam, says the most affected assets are highly speculative but low-liquidity properties with limited rental cash flow such as resort real estate, condotels, beachfront shophouses, and suburban lands.Highly leveraged investors who borrowed 50–70% of the property’s value are particularly affected, he points out.He expects the pressure to intensify in the second half of this year when many loans signed at the end of 2024 enter their floating-rate phase.This will accelerate a market shakeout, forcing highly leveraged investors to exit and creating opportunities for long-term capital to acquire assets at deep discounts, he adds. 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