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越南1150亿美元27个 mega 房地产项目:税务与合规要点

来源:MPI · VnExpress Vietnam

作者:东南亚合规中心编辑团队

TL;DR · 核心要点

越南截至2025年已规划或在建27个超大型城市开发项目,总投资超1150亿美元(3 quadrillion VND),主要由Vingroup、Sun Group等头部开发商主导。本文提炼关键合规信息:一是新《投资法》及国家议会决议优化了土地征收、补偿与项目审批流程;二是住建部警示房价年涨10–30%,远超收入增速,监管正推动保障性住房配建要求;三是央行持续上调基准利率,叠加法律程序延迟风险,加剧开发商融资与税务履约压力。对企业的实际影响包括:外资房企须重新评估VAT预缴机制、土地使用税分期缴纳资格及跨境关联交易转让定价文档完备性;项目公司需在取得投资登记证(IRC)后90日内完成税务登记并同步申报资本金到位情况。

✅ 合规行动清单 · Compliance Checklist

  • 在获得越南计划投资部(MPI)签发的投资登记证(IRC)后90日内,向属地税务局完成税务登记并提交资本金到位证明。
  • 针对所有境内销售合同,按合同金额1%预缴增值税(VAT),并在季度申报表中完整披露预售收入与抵扣明细。
  • 若存在集团内跨境贷款或土地转让交易,须于次年6月30日前备妥符合越南第132/2021/ND-CP号法令的本地文档(Local File)及国别报告(CbCR)。
  • Complete tax registration with the local Tax Department within 90 days of receiving the Investment Registration Certificate (IRC) from the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI).
  • Apply 1% VAT prepayment on all domestic real estate sales contracts and reconcile prepayments in quarterly VAT returns (Form 01/GTGT).
  • Prepare Local File and Country-by-Country Report (CbCR) compliant with Decree 132/2021/ND-CP by 30 June following the fiscal year for all intra-group financing or land-related transactions.

English Summary

As of 2025, Vietnam has 27 mega urban development projects valued at over $115 billion — led by Vingroup and Sun Group across Hanoi, Quang Ninh, Khanh Hoa, and Ho Chi Minh City. While National Assembly resolutions have streamlined land clearance and investment approval, key tax and regulatory obligations remain critical for foreign developers. Entities must comply with VAT prepayment (1% on contract value), progressive land use tax (based on location and usage), and mandatory transfer pricing documentation for intra-group financing or land acquisition. All foreign-invested real estate projects require IRC issuance by MPI, followed by tax registration within 90 days. Rising lending rates and housing price inflation (up to 40% YoY in Hanoi) increase scrutiny on profit repatriation, thin capitalization rules (debt-to-equity >3:1 triggers recharacterization), and local content reporting under Decree 126/2020/ND-CP. Non-compliance may trigger penalties up to 20% of underpaid tax plus interest.

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常见问题解答

越南 mega 房地产项目是否需要单独申请税务登记?+
是的。根据越南《税收管理法》第36条,每个获MPI批准的外资房地产项目必须作为独立纳税主体,在取得投资登记证(IRC)后90日内向项目所在地税务局办理税务登记,获取独立税号(MST),不可共用母公司税号。
VAT预缴1%是否可抵扣?何时能退税?+
可以抵扣。1%预缴VAT计入当期进项税额,在季度申报时与销项税对冲;若形成留抵税额,企业可于次年3月前提交退税申请,但需通过税务局实地核查预售资金监管账户流水。
土地使用税(LUT)如何计算?有减免政策吗?+
土地使用税按地块位置、用途和面积分级计征,住宅用地首年税率0.03%–0.15%。对纳入国家社会住房计划的项目,经住建部认定后可享3年免税,需在取得土地证书后6个月内提交申请。
外国开发商能否将利润汇出?有何税务条件?+
可以,但须满足三项条件:(1)完税证明(含企业所得税、未分配利润汇出预提税);(2)外汇管理局(SBV)备案;(3)利润来源于已审计财务报表中的可分配净利润。预提税率为5%,若适用税收协定可降至0–5%。
项目延期导致无法按期交房,税务上会受处罚吗?+
不会直接因延期处罚,但若预售款长期挂账未确认收入,税务局可能依据《企业所得税法》第11条启动核定征收,按行业利润率(通常8–12%)推定应税所得,并加收每日0.03%滞纳金。

相关关键词

Vietnam real estate taxVietnam mega project complianceVAT prepayment Vietnamland use tax Vietnamforeign investment registration Vietnam
📄 官方原文参考(英文)点击展开
Vietnam building 27 mega real estate projects worth over $115B: report - VnExpress International The most read Vietnamese newspaper Follow us on Edition: International | Vietnamese Home News Politics Education Environment Traffic Crime Brainteaser Business DataSpeaks Property Billionaires Markets Companies Economy Money Quiz Tech Tech news Enterprises Personalities Vietnam innovation Challenge hub Travel Places Food Guide Visa Puzzle Life Trend Arts Celebrities Vogue Love Wellness Sports Football Boxing Marathon Tennis Golf Other sports Trivia World Perspectives Readers' Views VnE-GO Premium Contact Us © Copyright 1997 VnExpress.net. All rights reserved. Go Business DataSpeaks Property Billionaires Companies Markets Economy Money Quiz Copy link Most Read 1. Gold prices decline 2. Southeast Asia's 2nd most powerful passport achieves highest ranking ever 3. Vingroup proposes $3.5B bridge and underwater tunnel across Ho Chi Minh City bay 4. 'My dad doesn't deserve to be happy': Alysa Liu 5. Gasoline prices plummet 6. Singapore Airlines, Scoot extend flight cancellations amid escalating Middle East conflict 7. 11 Vietnamese universities among Southeast Asia's best in first regional ranking 8. Bargaining for brilliance: Vietnamese Stanford alumnus sends hundreds of compatriot scholars to US 9. Filipino tourist nearly dies after uterus ruptures during Hanoi trip 10. Vietnamese scientists in Hong Kong solve 20-year-old biology puzzle that opens new doors for cancer therapy Vietnam building 27 mega real estate projects worth over $115B: report By VNA &nbspMarch 11, 2026 | 06:23 pm PT Vietnam had 27 large-scale urban development projects with combined investment exceeding VND3 quadrillion (US$115 billion) as of 2025, a report shows, highlighting a nationwide push to build massive new townships. The projects, each covering hundreds to thousands of hectares, include developments newly launched, under construction or recently approved for investment across the country, according to a recent report by Hanoi-based credit rating firm S&I Ratings.More than half of the total investment is led by major developers including Vingroup and Sun Group, the report says, reflecting intensifying competition to develop large-scale urban complexes in the real estate market. Can Gio area under development in HCMC, October 2025. Photo by VnExpress/ Quynh Tran Northern Vietnam accounts for nine mega projects, mainly in and around Hanoi as well as Hung Yen and Quang Ninh provinces.The largest project is a proposed Olympic sports urban area in Hanoi, developed by Vingroup with an estimated investment of about $35.6 billion and spanning more than 9,000 hectares. If completed, it would become the largest urban development in Vietnam.Another major development in the North is the Ha Long Xanh integrated urban project in Quang Ninh, also by Vingroup, covering more than 4,000 hectares with an estimated investment of about $17.5 billion. The project is planned as a large tourism and service hub linked to Ha Long Bay.Central Vietnam accounts for eight projects, with the largest being the Cam Lam urban area in Khanh Hoa province, developed by a consortium led by Vinhomes. The project spans more than 10,000 hectares and has an estimated investment of nearly $11 billion.Another major development is the Tu Bong new urban area project, developed by a consortium including Sun Group, covering 2,579 hectares with an investment of around $1.5 billion.Southern Vietnam has 10 mega projects, half of which are still in the early stage of receiving investment approval.Among them are three projects by Vingroup, including the Can Gio sea-reclamation tourism urban area near HCMC, along with the Phuoc Vinh Tay and Hau Nghia – Duc Hoa developments.Economist Dinh Trong Thinh said new resolutions passed by the National Assembly had helped remove some bottlenecks related to project preparation, land clearance and compensation.Improved legal frameworks and expanding transport infrastructure helped trigger a new wave of large-scale real estate development.Nguyen Van Dinh, Chairman of the Vietnam Association of Realtors, said administrative restructuring in some regions had expanded land availability and improved planning connectivity, creating favourable conditions for large urban projects.However, analysts warn that the rapid rollout of mega developments could raise concerns about the market’s ability to absorb the new supply.According to the Ministry of Construction, housing prices have risen by an average of 10–15% annually in recent years, with some periods seeing increases of up to 30%.In Hanoi, primary apartment prices reached around $100 million per square metre last year, up 40% from 2024.In HCMC, prices rose by 23% year-on-year to about $111 million per square metre.The ministry said the rise in housing prices had significantly outpaced income growth, making property increasingly difficult for many households to afford.Le Hoang Chau, Chairman of the HCMC Real Estate Association, said the wave of mega urban developments was reshaping Vietnam’s property market.He urged developers to diversify housing products and include more affordable options to avoid oversupply of high-end units."Rising lending rates could increase financial pressure on developers, especially if legal procedures delay project timelines," he said. 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