菲律宾SEC处罚两家放贷公司：金融科技合规警示
作者：东南亚合规中心编辑团队
TL;DR · 核心要点
菲律宾证券交易委员会（SEC）对两家未持牌运营的线上放贷公司实施行政处罚，认定其违反《证券法》及《反高利贷法》相关规定。要点包括：1）所有在菲从事借贷业务的企业必须向SEC注册并取得放贷牌照；2）禁止向借款人收取超过法定年化利率12%的利息及隐性费用；3）须向借款人提供清晰、双语（英/菲）合同与风险披露文件；4）数据处理须符合《数据隐私法》（RA 10173），未经同意不得共享借款人信息。该行动表明SEC正强化对数字信贷平台的穿透式监管，中资及跨境金融科技企业若计划在菲开展P2P、消费贷或BNPL业务，须立即暂停展业，启动SEC注册流程，并完成合规审计，否则将面临罚款、业务叫停及高管个人追责。
✅ 合规行动清单 · Compliance Checklist
- ›立即停止在菲律宾境内向公众发放贷款，直至获得SEC-PH正式放贷牌照
- ›聘请菲律宾持牌律所启动SEC注册流程，提交公司章程、实控人背景调查及合规内控制度文件
- ›全面审查现有借款合同与收费结构，确保年化利率≤12%且无隐性费用，并提供中英双语披露文本
- ›Cease all lending activities in the Philippines immediately until full SEC-PH lending company registration is approved
- ›Engage a Philippine-licensed law firm to file SEC Registration Form SEC-101 and submit beneficial ownership disclosures, AML/CFT policies, and board resolutions
- ›Audit and revise all loan agreements and fee schedules to comply with 12% APR cap and RA 9474 Truth in Lending requirements; provide bilingual (English/Filipino) disclosures to borrowers
English Summary
The Securities and Exchange Commission of the Philippines (SEC-PH) sanctioned two unlicensed digital lending firms for operating without registration, charging excessive interest, and failing to disclose material terms—violating the Securities Regulation Code (SRC), Truth in Lending Act, and Data Privacy Act (RA 10173). All entities engaged in lending activities in the Philippines must register with SEC-PH as a lending company or obtain appropriate authority from the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) if offering bank-like services. Interest rates are capped at 12% per annum; hidden fees and coercive collection practices are prohibited. Borrower consent and data security protocols are mandatory. Foreign fintech firms—including Chinese, Singaporean, or US-based lenders—must complete SEC registration before onboarding Filipino borrowers. Non-compliance may trigger fines up to PHP 5 million, suspension of operations, and criminal liability for directors. No grace period applies: enforcement is immediate.
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